State report

Minnesota

Selected estimates for Minnesota from five years of American Community Survey data.

Product: ACS 5-year
Period: 2020–2024
Publication status: Approved aggregate release

Headline indicators

Deaf and hearing estimates for Minnesota, 2020–2024 (ACS 5-year). Each measure names its population universe. CI means confidence interval.

Employment rate

Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64

2020–2024 · ACS 5-year

Deaf: 64.3% Stable 95% CI: 62.0% to 66.5%
Hearing: 79.1% Stable 95% CI: 78.8% to 79.4%

Deaf − hearing gap (percentage points)

-14.9 pp Stable 95% CI: -17.2 pp to -12.6 pp

Bachelor's degree or higher

Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 25–64

2020–2024 · ACS 5-year

Deaf: 24.8% Stable 95% CI: 22.3% to 27.4%
Hearing: 42.4% Stable 95% CI: 42.0% to 42.9%

Deaf − hearing gap (percentage points)

-17.6 pp Stable 95% CI: -20.2 pp to -15.0 pp

Postsecondary enrollment

Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64

2020–2024 · ACS 5-year

Deaf: 5.0% Stable 95% CI: 3.8% to 6.1%
Hearing: 9.2% Stable 95% CI: 9.0% to 9.4%

Deaf − hearing gap (percentage points)

-4.2 pp Stable 95% CI: -5.3 pp to -3.1 pp

STEM occupation employment share

Civilian noninstitutionalized employed population age 16–64 with a valid occupation

2020–2024 · ACS 5-year

Deaf: 7.3% Stable 95% CI: 5.7% to 8.9%
Hearing: 8.5% Stable 95% CI: 8.2% to 8.8%

Deaf − hearing gap (percentage points)

-1.2 pp Use caution 95% CI: -2.8 pp to 0.4 pp

Science and engineering degree share

Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 25–64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher and a valid SCIENGP flag

2020–2024 · ACS 5-year

Deaf: 32.9% Stable 95% CI: 27.4% to 38.4%
Hearing: 36.8% Stable 95% CI: 36.1% to 37.4%

Deaf − hearing gap (percentage points)

-3.9 pp Use caution 95% CI: -9.2 pp to 1.5 pp

Full-time, year-round employment

Employed civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64 with valid weeks and usual hours worked

2020–2024 · ACS 5-year

Deaf: 71.4% Stable 95% CI: 68.2% to 74.7%
Hearing: 70.7% Stable 95% CI: 70.3% to 71.0%

Deaf − hearing gap (percentage points)

0.7 pp Use caution 95% CI: -2.5 pp to 4.0 pp

Median annual earnings

Full-time, year-round civilian noninstitutionalized workers age 16–64 with valid adjusted earnings, including zero and net losses

2020–2024 · ACS 5-year

Deaf: $64,797 Stable 95% CI: $60,337 to $69,258
Hearing: $67,032 Stable 95% CI: $66,646 to $67,417

Deaf − hearing gap

-$2,234 Use caution 95% CI: -$6,704 to $2,235

Median age

Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and older

2020–2024 · ACS 5-year

Deaf: 71.0 years Stable 95% CI: 68.4 years to 73.6 years
Hearing: Suppressed Suppressed: median zero replicate variance Replicate weights did not provide reliable uncertainty for this median.

Deaf − hearing gap

Suppressed Suppressed An estimate needed for this calculation is suppressed.

Additional disability

Deaf civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and older

2020–2024 · ACS 5-year

Deaf: 44.3% Stable 95% CI: 43.0% to 45.6%

Gaps subtract the hearing estimate from the Deaf estimate. Negative values mean the Deaf estimate is lower; positive values mean it is higher. Percentage points (pp) describe differences between percentages. Gap confidence intervals come from published paired estimates. Unstable estimates require caution; suppressed estimates are withheld and do not mean zero.

View detailed results and sample sizes

About this report

This report presents 9 selected Census indicators for Minnesota during 2020–2024. The table shows the population covered by each measure, along with its uncertainty, sample size, and reliability. Check these details before comparing or citing estimates.

Comparing periods: Consecutive five-year estimates share four years of data. A difference between them should not be read as a change over a single year. National one-year estimates are not directly comparable benchmarks for these five-year estimates.

Results

A dash means the estimate is unavailable; the reliability column explains why. Unweighted sample is the number of survey records used, before applying survey weights. Each measure names the population it covers.

9 selected aggregate indicators for Minnesota, 2020–2024
Metric	Population	Estimate	95% margin of error	95% confidence interval	Unweighted sample	Reliability
STEM occupation employment share Civilian noninstitutionalized employed population age 16–64 with a valid occupation	Deaf − hearing gap	-1.21 pp	1.6 pp	-2.82 pp to 0.41 pp	2,220	Unstable Relative standard error is above 30%; interpret with caution.
STEM occupation employment share Civilian noninstitutionalized employed population age 16–64 with a valid occupation	Deaf people	7.28%	1.6 pp	5.68% to 8.88%	2,220	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
STEM occupation employment share Civilian noninstitutionalized employed population age 16–64 with a valid occupation	Hearing people	8.49%	0.3 pp	8.22% to 8.76%	127,754	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Science and engineering degree share Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 25–64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher and a valid SCIENGP flag	Deaf − hearing gap	-3.86 pp	5.4 pp	-9.22 pp to 1.51 pp	670	Unstable Relative standard error is above 30%; interpret with caution.
Science and engineering degree share Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 25–64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher and a valid SCIENGP flag	Deaf people	32.91%	5.5 pp	27.43% to 38.38%	670	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Science and engineering degree share Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 25–64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher and a valid SCIENGP flag	Hearing people	36.76%	0.6 pp	36.12% to 37.4%	51,299	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Employment rate Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64	Deaf − hearing gap	-14.86 pp	2.3 pp	-17.15 pp to -12.58 pp	3,548	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Employment rate Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64	Deaf people	64.26%	2.3 pp	61.98% to 66.54%	3,548	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Employment rate Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64	Hearing people	79.13%	0.3 pp	78.82% to 79.43%	164,098	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Full-time, year-round employment Employed civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64 with valid weeks and usual hours worked	Deaf − hearing gap	0.75 pp	3.3 pp	-2.52 pp to 4.02 pp	2,220	Unstable Relative standard error is above 30%; interpret with caution.
Full-time, year-round employment Employed civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64 with valid weeks and usual hours worked	Deaf people	71.41%	3.3 pp	68.16% to 74.67%	2,220	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Full-time, year-round employment Employed civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64 with valid weeks and usual hours worked	Hearing people	70.66%	0.4 pp	70.29% to 71.03%	127,754	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Bachelor's degree or higher Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 25–64	Deaf − hearing gap	-17.6 pp	2.6 pp	-20.16 pp to -15.04 pp	3,318	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Bachelor's degree or higher Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 25–64	Deaf people	24.85%	2.6 pp	22.29% to 27.4%	3,318	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Bachelor's degree or higher Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 25–64	Hearing people	42.45%	0.4 pp	42% to 42.89%	136,500	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Postsecondary enrollment Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64	Deaf − hearing gap	-4.21 pp	1.1 pp	-5.32 pp to -3.09 pp	3,548	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Postsecondary enrollment Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64	Deaf people	4.98%	1.1 pp	3.85% to 6.12%	3,548	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Postsecondary enrollment Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64	Hearing people	9.19%	0.2 pp	8.96% to 9.42%	164,098	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Median annual earnings Full-time, year-round civilian noninstitutionalized workers age 16–64 with valid adjusted earnings, including zero and net losses	Deaf − hearing gap	-$2,234	$4,469	-$6,704 to $2,235	1,582	Unstable Relative standard error is above 30%; interpret with caution.
Median annual earnings Full-time, year-round civilian noninstitutionalized workers age 16–64 with valid adjusted earnings, including zero and net losses	Deaf people	$64,797	$4,460	$60,337 to $69,258	1,582	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Median annual earnings Full-time, year-round civilian noninstitutionalized workers age 16–64 with valid adjusted earnings, including zero and net losses	Hearing people	$67,032	$385	$66,646 to $67,417	90,579	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Median age Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and older	Deaf − hearing gap	—	—	—	12,275	Suppressed An estimate needed for this calculation is suppressed.
Median age Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and older	Deaf people	71 years	2.6 years	68.37 years to 73.63 years	12,275	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.
Median age Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and older	Hearing people	—	—	—	213,426	Suppressed Replicate weights did not provide reliable uncertainty for this median.
Additional disability Deaf civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and older	Deaf people	44.3%	1.3 pp	42.98% to 45.62%	12,275	Stable Meets this release’s sample size and relative standard error thresholds.

Reliability rules

Estimates are withheld when fewer than 351 survey records meet the measure’s denominator criteria.
Results with a relative standard error above 30% are marked unstable.
Derived values are unavailable when any required input is suppressed.

Source and populations covered

Source: ACS 5-year, 2020–2024. The definitions below describe who is included in each measure.

STEM occupation employment share Civilian noninstitutionalized employed population age 16–64 with a valid occupation
Science and engineering degree share Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 25–64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher and a valid SCIENGP flag
Employment rate Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64
Full-time, year-round employment Employed civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64 with valid weeks and usual hours worked
Bachelor's degree or higher Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 25–64
Postsecondary enrollment Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 16–64
Median annual earnings Full-time, year-round civilian noninstitutionalized workers age 16–64 with valid adjusted earnings, including zero and net losses
Median age Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and older
Additional disability Deaf civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and older Deaf population only

U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample

Source details and citation

Methodology: ndc-observatory-2026.3
Release: acs5-2024-observatory-2026.12-scientific-candidate
Source manifest: 5634ca48e11200ddd30af9aeea331d78277e40d29178c97d1a31ee879e674b74

Citation

National Deaf Center on Postsecondary Outcomes. Deaf Data Lab: selected indicators for Minnesota. 2020–2024 ACS5 PUMS. Methodology ndc-observatory-2026.3. Release acs5-2024-observatory-2026.12-scientific-candidate. Approved for publication. Not the current default release.

Explore this geography Choose another place